| 白及中重金属及有害元素残留量测定与评价 |
| 投稿时间：2020-06-15 点此下载全文
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| 引用本文：李明华,李耀磊,鲁毅,刘启昌,何菊,程显隆,王礼中,魏锋,马双成.白及中重金属及有害元素残留量测定与评价[J].中国现代中药,2021,23(5):832-838 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFC1711500） |
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| 中文摘要:目的：考察白及药材及饮片中重金属及有害元素残留情况，对其风险进行初步评价，为白及的种植和监管提供参考。方法：采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定白及药材及饮片中铅、镉、砷、汞和铜5种重金属及有害元素的残留量，并对方法进行随行质量控制。采用单项污染指数和综合污染指数2种方法对白及中重金属及有害元素残留量进行初步评价。采用SPSS 26.0软件对各元素间相关性进行分析。采用主成分分析、聚类分析和综合污染指数比较分析，对白及药材和饮片中重金属及有害元素残留量进行分析。结果：5种元素测定的线性关系良好（r>0.999 2），回收率为99%~114%，质控样品测定结果符合偏差要求。全部样品中各元素残留量均符合《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版标准。2种污染指数分析显示，各元素单项污染指数均小于1，表明未受污染；综合污染指数均小于0.7，属于Ⅰ级安全级别。铅、镉、砷、汞和铜5种元素相关性分析显示，镉与砷、铅，砷与铅分别呈显著正相关，其余元素间相关性不显著。主成分分析和聚类分析均未能将白及药材和饮片分开，药材和饮片综合污染指数相差不大，两者均属于Ⅰ级安全等级，说明白及药材在加工成饮片的过程中，重金属及有害元素的污染影响较小。结论：白及药材、饮片重金属及有害元素潜在污染风险较小，在种植及加工环节应注意重金属及有害元素残留的监测与安全管理，以降低其危害。 |
| 中文关键词:白及 重金属 有害元素 电感耦合等离子体质谱法 污染指数 铅 镉 砷 汞 铜 |
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| Determination and Assessment of Heavy Metals and Harmful Elements in Bletillae Rhizoma |
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| Abstract:Objective：To determine and evaluate the content of heavy metals and harmful elements in Bletillae Rhizoma as to provide advice on painting and supervision. Methods：Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS） was used to study these 5 kinds of heavy metals and harmful elements （lead，cadmium，arsenic，mercury and copper） in Bletillae Rhizoma and the quality control procedures were also carried out. The results were evaluated by using the method of single pollution index and comprehensive pollution index. The correlation between each element was analyzed by SPSS 26.0 software. The principal component analysis （PCA），cluster analysis and comparative analysis of comprehensive pollution index were employed to analyze the content of heavy metals and harmful elements in Bletillae Rhizoma and its decoction pieces. Results：The 5 kinds of heavy metals and harmful elements linearly good （r>0.999 2）. The recovery rate was from 99% to 114%. The results of quality control samples met the requirement. The residual amount of each element in all samples conforms to the standard of the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Two kinds of pollution index analysis showed that the single pollution indexes of each element were less than 1，indicating no pollution，and all of the comprehensive pollution indexes were less than 0.7，belonged to grade Ⅰ （safety level）. Significant positive correlations were found between cadmium and arsenic，cadmium and lead，arsenic and lead，and the others had no obvious correlation. Neither the PCA nor the cluster analysis could separate the Bletillae Rhizoma from its decoction pieces. There also was no significant difference in the comprehensive pollution index between them，both of which were classified as grade Ⅰ （safety level）. In a word，the pollution effect of heavy metals and harmful elements is relatively small being processed into decoction pieces for Bletillae Rhizoma. Conclusion：The potential pollution risk of heavy metals and harmful elements in Bletillae Rhizoma is small. Monitoring and safety management of planting and processing links should be strengthened，so as to reduce the harm of heavy metals and harmful elements residue to the population. |
| keywords:Bletillae Rhizoma heavy metals harmful elements ICP-MS pollution index Pb Cd As Hg Cu |
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